Have You Been Scammed? Here's How (and Why) to Report It

PCMag editors select and review products independently. If you buy through affiliate links, we may earn commissions, which help support our testing.

Whether it's sussing out a romance scammer on a dating app or avoiding the litany of phishing attempts disguised as emails clogging your inbox, dodging scam attempts is baked into our online lives. So why do so many victims have such a hard time talking about it? Maybe they're embarrassed, don't know how or where to report it, or don't think they'll be believed. No matter the reason, experts say that unreported scams shroud the perpetrators in mystery, leading to the broader public treating very real, very serious scamming incidents like urban legends. When people think scammers are mythical menaces, they are more likely to get caught up in fraudulent schemes.

Unfortunately, scammers pose a real threat to your wallet and data. Read on for an overview of common scams, and should you fall victim to one, we explain exactly what you should do.

Scams Are Big Business

Online creators make scamming seem like the work of silly, small-time crooks. In reality, real-life villains are running global online scamming operations with a level of sophistication that could impress Charles Ponzi himself.

"They’ve got it covered from all angles," said Lisa Plaggemier, executive director at the National Cybersecurity Alliance. We chatted by video call about the surge in believable AI-powered scams. Plaggemier said that scamming operations ensnare victims with data they collect using the same tracking methods legitimate businesses use.

"They have a call center, and they have emails going out. They’re doing SEO… There will be a malicious website. They have the whole backstory locked down in a more sophisticated way than I've seen in the past," Plaggemier said.

The Most Popular Scams Right Now

Like every other business, scammers follow trends. The r/Scams community on Reddit gives a pretty good picture of this niche within the criminal zeitgeist. Highlights include exposing scammers who use AI-generated photos and videos, social media scams targeting artists, and payment app scams.

Social Engineering Still Reigns Supreme

Despite all the high-tech scams involving AI or malware, low-tech social engineering schemers are still doing brisk business online. Posts on r/Scams include tales of romance scams that end with possible blackmail or classic bait-and-switch schemes involving TikTok-based fraudsters offering tips for reselling luxury brand scams in exchange for money.

In the past, I've warned readers about phishing links in emails, romance scammers, and a litany of other online scams. Plaggemier mentioned that the current scamming trends indicate the elaborate business operations mentioned above. This means that spotting a scammer-in-progress isn’t so easy anymore, and anyone can be a victim.

Let's Talk About Pig Butchering Scams

I’ve seen a lot of posts about 'pig butchering' or romance-baiting scams. Here's how it works:

First, the scammer will reach out to a victim, often by SMS, under the pretense of knowing the victim via a mutual friend or having entered the wrong number accidentally. The scammer will often be charming and may drop small bits of personal information about the victim's real-life friends or family to gain trust.

After the scammer gains a new friend, they offer their victim a chance to invest in a financial opportunity, usually involving cryptocurrency. These schemes often promise high returns over a short period.

"There's a huge shame factor in reporting."

Interpol has asked people to drop "pig butchering" in favor of "romance baiting" since the former might encourage the kind of shame and hesitation to report that we mentioned earlier. It's OK: these scams target lots of people, and reporting them to law enforcement or sharing your story can keep others out of harm's way.

These scammers use fake apps, investment portfolio documents, social media profiles, and banking websites to legitimize the opportunity in the victim's eyes and collect bank account details, identification numbers, and other highly personal information. After the victim invests the money (usually through a payment app or cryptocurrency), the scammer disappears, cash and data in hand, leaving only financial devastation in their wake.

Don’t Be Afraid: Report Being Scammed

Plaggemier said that the reason scammers keep getting away with their crimes is less about victims being duped, an understandable circumstance given the level of effort put into current scams. Instead, scammers keep winning because victims are afraid to speak up.

"There's a huge shame factor in reporting," Plaggemier said. People don’t report scams because they worry about being seen as foolish for “falling for” a crime or because the scammer lured them in using embarrassing personal information.

Since these crimes aren’t often reported, it’s possible that law enforcement and government agencies still believe scams are the work of scattered individuals rather than coordinated efforts by criminal organizations. Plaggemier told me that the people who can take down scamming enterprises just don’t have enough public data.

"Law enforcement isn't getting an accurate picture of what the landscape looks like. Is it some small criminal, or is it a big gang that's stealing hundreds of millions?"

How to Report a Scam

Before taking your case to the authorities, you may want to open up to family and friends about your experience as a scamming victim. Given the sophistication of scamming methods, the odds are good that someone you know has also been a victim.

As mentioned earlier, shame is often why people fail to report these crimes. Eliminate shame from the equation, and tell the people you love about what happened to you so they can offer support while you put your life back together.

Plaggemier mentioned that attempts to report scams may sometimes miss the mark. "If you call your local police, they often don't know what to tell you," she said, noting that some states use the 311 calling system for scam reports. The FBI website lists common scams and various reporting methods, such as in person at a field office or online.

To report any kind of online scam, visit the Internet Crime Complaint Center and the Identity Theft Resource Center to report the crimes and get advice on recovering from identity theft. I also recommend checking out the FTC’s online identity theft recovery center, identitytheft.gov, to add your scam report and follow their guides to undo some of the damage.