How to Test Your Sump Pump
Tucked away in the depths of your home, your sump pump can become a forgotten appliance, especially if you normally have a dry basement. That is, until heavy rainfall, melting snow, a washing machine mishap, or flooding kick the pump into high gear. At that point, the pump kicks on to prevent water damage or basement flooding.
A sump pump's typical setup includes a pit, also known as a sump basin, dug in the basement floor or crawl space. It's equipped with a pump, such as a submersible pump is a type placed inside this pit, or a pedestal sump pump sits at floor level over the pit. During a storm or flood, water accumulates in this pit. When the water reaches a certain level, a float or pressure sensor activates the pump which then sucks up the water and small debris. The water is led away from your building through a discharge pipe to a storm drain.
Sump pumps are fairly hands-off, but regular check-ups can save you a real headache during your next event.
Things You'll Need
Tools:
Screwdriver
Wrenches
Plunger
Utility knife
Wire brush
Bucket or scoop: to remove and carry out excess water and debris
Gloves and eye protection
GFCI outlet tester: To detect common wiring problems.
Battery tester (if applicable): Some models have a backup battery. A tester will confirm that it's charged.
Materials:
Distilled white vinegar: Useful for cleaning mineral deposits.
Clean water: For flushing out the sump pit.
Replacement parts: Check valves, float switches, or backup batteries are all pieces that may eventually fail. It's a good idea to have these on hand in case they break when you need them.
Sump pump lubricant (if applicable): Check to see if your manufacturer recommends it.
How to Test if Your Sump Pump is Working
Locate the sump pump. It's usually in the basement or a crawl space.
Clear the sump pit. Clean the pump inlet screen and remove debris, dirt, or gravel from the sump pit.
Inspect the pump and check valve. Visually inspect the pump and check valve for any signs of damage or debris. Ensure that the float switch moves freely.
Check the power source. Verify that the sump pump is connected to a power source. If it has a battery backup, ensure the battery is charged.
Test the GFCI outlet (if applicable): If your sump pump is connected to a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlet, use a GFCI outlet tester to be sure the outlet is working.
Test the sump pump. Slowly pour water into the sump pit until the float switch rises and triggers the pump. This is simulating rising water levels during a flood event.
Listen for pump activation. Listen for the sound of the pump activating. You should hear the motor running.
Check the discharge pipe. Make sure that water is being discharged through the pipe away from your home. If you have an exterior discharge pipe, check that it is free of obstructions.
Monitor pump operation. Let the pump run until it removes most of the water from the sump pit. The pump should turn off automatically when the water level decreases.
Verify float switch reset. Ensure the float switch has reset to its original position. The pump should be ready for the next cycle.
Test the backup system (if applicable). If your sump pump has a battery backup or alternative power source for power outages, test its functionality by disconnecting the main power supply and repeating the test.
Record and schedule regular tests: Keep a record of when you tested the sump pump, and schedule regular tests, especially before rainy seasons.
Related: How to Stop Your Water Pipes from Rattling
Common Sump Pump Problems and DIY Solutions
It won't turn on. Check the water level, it may be too low to operate. Add a few cups of water to see if that lifts the float and triggers the system. Check the electrical connection in case a circuit breaker is tripped.
It won't shut off. Check to see if the float switch is working; if not, it will need to be replaced.
Frequent Cycling: Make sure the float switch is not stuck open or closed. A malfunctioning float switch or check valve will need to be replaced.
Unusual Noises: Check for debris in the impeller. Lubricate or replace worn parts.
Visible Rust or Corrosion: Replace corroded or rusted parts, and address any water leaks in the area.
Lack of Water Discharge: The discharge pipe should be free of clogs. Also clear debris from the impeller and the check valve.
Inconsistent Water Level: Test and clean the float switch and sensor. Adjust or replace it if necessary.
Visible Leaks: Check for damaged seals and replace them.
Unresponsive or Tripped Circuit Breaker: Check for loose or damaged wiring and ensure the circuit breaker is appropriately sized.
Lack of Power Backup: The battery backup may be malfunctioning. Test it and make sure it's connected properly.
Excessive Vibrations: Misalignment or imbalances can be from obstructions or misalignments. Balance the pump as needed, and secure it properly in the sump basin.
Related: 8 Ways to Prevent Water Damage at Home This Winter
Signs Your Sump Pump Needs to Be Replaced
Frequent cycling/Continuous Running: If the float switch is stuck, it may run and begin to burn out; it will need to be replaced. Additionally, an undersized sump pump may not strong enough to keep up with the water volume.
Strange noises: Grinding, rattling, or loud vibrations can be internal problems.
Age: Pumps last about 10 years.
Excessive rust or corrosion: Prolonged water exposure, particularly submersible sump pumps, can cause rust which eventually will weaken the integrity of the pump's components.
Water in the basement: Standing water means that pump is not working properly at a time where you really need it to. Check for blockages, but a defective sump pump needs to be replaced ASAP.
How often do sump pumps need servicing?
As a general guideline, you should perform routine maintenance once a year. However, in areas prone to heavy rainfall or flooding, annual sump pump maintenance may not be enough and more frequent checks may be necessary, perhaps every six months or even quarterly. If your run into problems beyond your abilities, you may need a plumber for sump pump repair.
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