I’m sure you’ve heard of the Kama Sutra, a set of Indian Sanskrit texts that focuses on intimacy, sexuality, emotionality, and eroticism. Maybe that’s the first time some people have heard of "sutra" before — I think it was for me.
It is important to know two things: 1) The Kama Sutra is about more than the physical activity of sex, and 2) Sutras are a sacred tradition in Indian culture.
“In ancient times, most teachings were done orally and students learned by way of sutras. The word sutra comes from the same root as the medical term suture, meaning to connect or hold together. When the teacher expounded on a piece of knowledge, the student would be given a short phrase that would later remind him/her of the greater body of material. This was somewhat the equivalent of modern-day cue cards," says Roger Gabriel in “Yoga Sutras 101: Everything You Need to Know” on Chopra Global’s website.
I became more familiar with sutras while studying Buddhism at a Buddhist church in the heart of Chinatown, San Francisco, California. After visiting to learn more about practicing Buddhism, a teacher took me into the church library, where I stood in a room lined with books of ancient texts. After the tour ended, I asked the church leader how much it would be for me to buy one book, and he handed the first three of the set to me for free. I absorbed the books and returned for more. Once I finished all the dharma books — books detailing the life of Buddha — I received a book called The Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch.
It makes sense that a Buddhist church would have a book of sutras because Buddhism is known to have developed in ancient India. The sutra book I received contains stories mentioning multiple teachers who passed down traditions over centuries. It details how they set out to achieve ultimate enlightenment and how they responded to their students’ questions. It is filled with metaphysical lessons and ways to apply them to daily life.
The yoga sutras that Walter Gabriel writes of for Chopra are from a set of Vedic texts, which were also developed in ancient India. Though both the Vedas and Buddhist studies also use the same terms — such as sutra, dharma, brahman — they are distinct practices with beliefs that converge and diverge from one another.